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The error message seems very straightforward: somewhere in your build configuration you are configuring both a java toolchain and source and/or target compatibility for the java plugin. https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/java_plugin.html#toolchain_and_compatibility You can't do both at the same time. As per the error message.

Yes I understand that, however in my config file app/build.gradle, I do not specify neither the toolchain property nor the source/target compatibility... Here is the content of my app/build.gradle :

apply plugin: "com.android.application"
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
apply plugin: "com.facebook.react"

project.ext.envConfigFiles = [
  release: ".env.production",
  staging:".env.staging",
  production:".env.production",
  debug: ".env.staging",
  storybook: ".env.storybook",
]

apply from: project(':react-native-config').projectDir.getPath() + "/dotenv.gradle"


import com.android.build.OutputFile

/**
 * The react.gradle file registers a task for each build variant (e.g. bundleDebugJsAndAssets
 * and bundleReleaseJsAndAssets).
 * These basically call `react-native bundle` with the correct arguments during the Android build
 * cycle. By default, bundleDebugJsAndAssets is skipped, as in debug/dev mode we prefer to load the
 * bundle directly from the development server. Below you can see all the possible configurations
 * and their defaults. If you decide to add a configuration block, make sure to add it before the
 * `apply from: "../../node_modules/react-native/react.gradle"` line.
 *
 * project.ext.react = [
 *   // the name of the generated asset file containing your JS bundle
 *   bundleAssetName: "index.android.bundle",
 *
 *   // the entry file for bundle generation. If none specified and
 *   // "index.android.js" exists, it will be used. Otherwise "index.js" is
 *   // default. Can be overridden with ENTRY_FILE environment variable.
 *   entryFile: "index.android.js",
 *
 *   // <https://reactnative.dev/docs/performance#enable-the-ram-format>
 *   bundleCommand: "ram-bundle",
 *
 *   // whether to bundle JS and assets in debug mode
 *   bundleInDebug: false,
 *
 *   // whether to bundle JS and assets in release mode
 *   bundleInRelease: true,
 *
 *   // whether to bundle JS and assets in another build variant (if configured).
 *   // See <http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide#TOC-Build-Variants>
 *   // The configuration property can be in the following formats
 *   //         'bundleIn${productFlavor}${buildType}'
 *   //         'bundleIn${buildType}'
 *   // bundleInFreeDebug: true,
 *   // bundleInPaidRelease: true,
 *   // bundleInBeta: true,
 *
 *   // whether to disable dev mode in custom build variants (by default only disabled in release)
 *   // for example: to disable dev mode in the staging build type (if configured)
 *   devDisabledInStaging: true,
 *   // The configuration property can be in the following formats
 *   //         'devDisabledIn${productFlavor}${buildType}'
 *   //         'devDisabledIn${buildType}'
 *
 *   // the root of your project, i.e. where "package.json" lives
 *   root: "../../",
 *
 *   // where to put the JS bundle asset in debug mode
 *   jsBundleDirDebug: "$buildDir/intermediates/assets/debug",
 *
 *   // where to put the JS bundle asset in release mode
 *   jsBundleDirRelease: "$buildDir/intermediates/assets/release",
 *
 *   // where to put drawable resources / React Native assets, e.g. the ones you use via
 *   // require('./image.png')), in debug mode
 *   resourcesDirDebug: "$buildDir/intermediates/res/merged/debug",
 *
 *   // where to put drawable resources / React Native assets, e.g. the ones you use via
 *   // require('./image.png')), in release mode
 *   resourcesDirRelease: "$buildDir/intermediates/res/merged/release",
 *
 *   // by default the gradle tasks are skipped if none of the JS files or assets change; this means
 *   // that we don't look at files in android/ or ios/ to determine whether the tasks are up to
 *   // date; if you have any other folders that you want to ignore for performance reasons (gradle
 *   // indexes the entire tree), add them here. Alternatively, if you have JS files in android/
 *   // for example, you might want to remove it from here.
 *   inputExcludes: ["android/**", "ios/**"],
 *
 *   // override which node gets called and with what additional arguments
 *   nodeExecutableAndArgs: ["node"],
 *
 *   // supply additional arguments to the packager
 *   extraPackagerArgs: []
 * ]
 */

project.ext.react = [
    enableHermes: false,  // clean and rebuild if changing
]

apply from: "../../node_modules/@sentry/react-native/sentry.gradle"

/**
 * Set this to true to create two separate APKs instead of one:
 *   - An APK that only works on ARM devices
 *   - An APK that only works on x86 devices
 * The advantage is the size of the APK is reduced by about 4MB.
 * Upload all the APKs to the Play Store and people will download
 * the correct one based on the CPU architecture of their device.
 */
def enableSeparateBuildPerCPUArchitecture = false

/**
 * Run Proguard to shrink the Java bytecode in release builds.
 */
def enableProguardInReleaseBuilds = false

/**
 * The preferred build flavor of JavaScriptCore.
 *
 * For example, to use the international variant, you can use:
 * `def jscFlavor = 'org.webkit:android-jsc-intl:+'`
 *
 * The international variant includes ICU i18n library and necessary data
 * allowing to use e.g. `Date.toLocaleString` and `String.localeCompare` that
 * give correct results when using with locales other than en-US.  Note that
 * this variant is about 6MiB larger per architecture than default.
 */
def jscFlavor = 'org.webkit:android-jsc:+'

/**
 * Whether to enable the Hermes VM.
 *
 * This should be set on project.ext.react and that value will be read here. If it is not set
 * on project.ext.react, JavaScript will not be compiled to Hermes Bytecode
 * and the benefits of using Hermes will therefore be sharply reduced.
 */
def enableHermes = project.ext.react.get("enableHermes", false);

/**
 * Architectures to build native code for in debug.
 */
def nativeArchitectures = project.getProperties().get("reactNativeDebugArchitectures")

android {
    namespace 'com.surlo.surloapp'

    ndkVersion rootProject.ext.ndkVersion

    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            version "3.22.1"
        }
    }

    productFlavors {
        staging {
            applicationIdSuffix = ".staging"
            resValue "string", "build_config_package", "com.surlo.surloapp"
        }
        production {}
        storybook {
            applicationIdSuffix = ".staging"
            resValue "string", "build_config_package", "com.surlo.surloapp"
        }
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.surlo.surloapp"
        minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
        compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
        versionName "2.2.19"
        versionCode 111
    }
    splits {
        abi {
            reset()
            enable enableSeparateBuildPerCPUArchitecture
            universalApk false  // If true, also generate a universal APK
            include "armeabi-v7a", "x86", "arm64-v8a", "x86_64"
        }
    }
    signingConfigs {
        debug {
            storeFile file('debug.keystore')
            storePassword 'android'
            keyAlias 'androiddebugkey'
            keyPassword 'android'
        }
         release {
            storeFile file(project.env.get('UPLOAD_STORE_FILE'))
            storePassword project.env.get('UPLOAD_STORE_PASSWORD')
            keyAlias project.env.get('UPLOAD_KEY_ALIAS')
            keyPassword project.env.get('UPLOAD_KEY_PASSWORD')
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
            if (nativeArchitectures) {
                ndk {
                    abiFilters nativeArchitectures.split(',')
                }
            }
        }
        release {
            // Caution! In production, you need to generate your own keystore file.
            // see <https://reactnative.dev/docs/signed-apk-android>.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            minifyEnabled enableProguardInReleaseBuilds
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android.txt"), "<http://proguard-rules.pro|proguard-rules.pro>"
        }
    }

    // applicationVariants are e.g. debug, release
    applicationVariants.all { variant ->
        variant.outputs.each { output ->
            // For each separate APK per architecture, set a unique version code as described here:
            // <https://developer.android.com/studio/build/configure-apk-splits.html>
            // Example: versionCode 1 will generate 1001 for armeabi-v7a, 1002 for x86, etc.
            def versionCodes = ["armeabi-v7a": 1, "x86": 2, "arm64-v8a": 3, "x86_64": 4]
            def abi = output.getFilter(OutputFile.ABI)
            if (abi != null) {  // null for the universal-debug, universal-release variants
                output.versionCodeOverride =
                        defaultConfig.versionCode * 1000 + versionCodes.get(abi)
            }

        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    // Import the Firebase BoM
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:30.1.0')

    // Add the dependency for the Firebase SDK for Google Analytics
    // When using the BoM, don't specify versions in Firebase dependencies
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics'

    // Add the dependencies for any other desired Firebase products
    // <https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/setup#available-libraries>


    implementation ("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.1") {
      version {
          strictly '1.3.1'
      }
    }
    
    implementation fileTree(dir: "libs", include: ["*.jar"])
    //noinspection GradleDynamicVersion
    // implementation "com.facebook.react:react-native:+"  // From node_modules
    implementation("com.facebook.react:react-android")
    implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.1"
    implementation "androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.0.0"
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-identifier:17.1.0+'
    implementation 'androidx.browser:browser:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.0'
    implementation "com.android.billingclient:billing:6.0.1"


    if (enableHermes) {
        def hermesPath = "../../node_modules/hermes-engine/android/";
        debugImplementation files(hermesPath + "hermes-debug.aar")
        releaseImplementation files(hermesPath + "hermes-release.aar")
    } else {
        implementation jscFlavor
    }
}

// Run this once to be able to run the application with BUCK
// puts all compile dependencies into folder libs for BUCK to use
task copyDownloadableDepsToLibs(type: Copy) {
    from configurations.implementation
    into 'libs'
}

apply from: file("../../node_modules/@react-native-community/cli-platform-android/native_modules.gradle"); applyNativeModulesAppBuildGradle(project)

I don't know your build configuration and you're using a lot of included files and cross-project configuration. Both make it very hard to reason about your setup as an outsider (and as the one configuring it as well, apparently 😉)

Ok so I must explore all the dependancies of this file to see if there is a toolchain or a source and/or target compatibility declaration ?

yes indeed. As for the source/target compatibility: this seems to originate from the android plugin given this snippet:

defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.surlo.surloapp"
    minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
    targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
    versionName "2.2.19"
    versionCode 111
}

You might also like to investigate where those

rootProject.ext.xxxSdkVersion

properties are being defined.

I believe it is originated from the main build.gradle :

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
apply from: "./env.gradle"
buildscript {
    ext {
        buildToolsVersion = "30.0.2"
        minSdkVersion = 21
        compileSdkVersion = 33
        targetSdkVersion = 33
        ndkVersion = "23.1.7779620"
        kotlinVersion = '1.9.0'
        googlePlayServicesAuthVersion = "16.0.1"
        googlePlayServicesLocationVersion = "17.0.0"

        androidXCore = "1.7.0"
        RNMapboxMapsImpl = "mapbox" // required for v10

        RNMapboxMapsLibs = { // optional - only required if you want to customize it
            implementation 'com.mapbox.maps:android:10.5.0-beta1'
            implementation 'com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-sdk-turf:5.4.1'
            implementation 'com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-android-telemetry:6.1.0'
        }
    }
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath('com.android.tools.build:gradle')
        classpath("com.facebook.react:react-native-gradle-plugin")
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.0'
    }
}

def REACT_NATIVE_VERSION = new File(['node', '--print',"JSON.parse(require('fs').readFileSync(require.resolve('react-native/package.json'), 'utf-8')).version"].execute(null, rootDir).text.trim())

allprojects {

    configurations.all {
        resolutionStrategy {
            force "com.facebook.react:react-native:" + REACT_NATIVE_VERSION
        }
    }
    repositories {
        maven {
            // Required for react-native-background-geolocation
            url("${project(':react-native-background-geolocation').projectDir}/libs")
        }
        maven {
            url("${project(':react-native-background-fetch').projectDir}/libs")
        }
        maven {
            url '<https://api.mapbox.com/downloads/v2/releases/maven>'
            authentication {
                basic(BasicAuthentication)
            }
            credentials {
                // Do not change the username below.
                // This should always be `mapbox` (not your username).
                username = 'mapbox'
                // Use the secret token you stored in gradle.properties as the password
                password = project.env.get('MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN') ?: ""
            }
        }
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}