Good Question; I was testing this last week with Classic Teams and new Teams(Preview). I was able to set my custom background from the MS Teams UI menu on both while HDX optimzied. This was on a persistent machine though.
I read this and it tells me you can do both. User can choice, or the company can enforce a company log by setting the client side keys.
"The following registry keys are only required if you don’t plan to use the Microsoft Teams UI to control the feature, or if an admin wants to override default behaviors."