That didn't work, I still get "Error opening log file '/opt/puppetlabs/server/data/puppetdb/logs/puppetdb_gc.log': No such file or directory", which suggests the environment variable isn't honored

this is almost like the folder structure is not being created e.g.

mkdir -p /opt/puppetlabs/server/data/puppetdb/logs/

if you were able to spin up a basic SSH container mounting the same volume at the same place and run that command it would at least validate that