Fix release: https://github.com/OpenHands/software-agent-sdk/pull/3209 docker images were not published for agent-server @quick-window-91705 FYI

fix(release): remaining Docker image fixes — merge-manifests gate, v-prefix stripping, release-binaries dispatch https://github.com/OpenHands/software-agent-sdk/pull/3210 Another follow-up fix for this