I got some questions regarding the constant values in the Smagorinsky turbulence model. I've noticed that the orginal formulation for nuSgs is the eq. 12, but openfoam use nuSgs at eq. 11. So, the constant Cs is fonction of Ck and Ce shown in eq. 13. It seems that the constant Ce is from the balance between the subgrid scale energy production and dissipation (eq. 5). So, why this doesn't seems to be present in the original formulation? And finally, what is your method to find Ck and Ce in order to calibrate Cs? Thank for your help.