LiveKit Cloud's architecture is designed for global scale, fault tolerance, and low latency. Here are the key components: • Built with LiveKit SFU: LiveKit Cloud is based on the open-source SFU, ensuring compatibility with the same SDKs and APIs as the open-source stack. Developers can switch between Cloud and self-hosted setups without code changes. • Distributed Mesh Architecture: Unlike traditional WebRTC architectures, LiveKit Cloud uses multiple SFU instances in a mesh formation. Media servers can discover and connect to each other, relaying media between servers and bypassing single-server limitations. • Multi-home Architecture: Participants connect to the SFU closest to them, minimizing latency and transmission loss. SFU instances connect over optimized inter-data center networks, ensuring high throughput with minimal network hops. • No Single Point of Failure (SPOF): The system is designed to recover from failures in software and hardware components. Redundancy is built in, and traffic is automatically migrated to the next closest data center in case of failures. • Global Distribution: Infrastructure spans multiple cloud vendors and data centers worldwide, delivering under 100ms latency in each region. Data centers are located in North America, South America, Oceania, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. • Designed to Scale: LiveKit Cloud dynamically manages capacity for large-scale sessions, forming a distribution mesh similar to a CDN. It supports up to 100,000 participants in a session with less than 100ms latency. This architecture ensures seamless scalability, fault tolerance, and low-latency performance for global users. Sources: How We Built a Globally Distributed WebRTC Mesh Network | Announcing LiveKit Cloud | Cloud Architecture | LiveKit Docs