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Could consider shading one if the versions to a different package structure, allowing both to coexist

if you need both C_1.0 and C_2.0 but they can't coexist, you will need tricks such as shading or separate classloaders, not much way around that.

Thank you. Shading looks like it's going to work. I didn't realize there were plugins to automate most of it. That'll help a lot.

Glad to hear it. Shading is mostly straightforward - if there are service descriptor or other files in the jar that reference classnames there's a few extra steps to consider.

Update: I'm attempting to shade dependency B, along with its transient dependency C_2.0. I'm using the johnrengelman plugin (https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.github.johnrengelman.plugin-shadow). I've created a Bshade.jar file this way and attached it to the project. It contains B in a renamed package B.shade.B. I added "B.shade." to all import statements for B in my project, and "find declaration" on those import statements goes to the decompiled .class files in the jar, so it seems to be seeing it correctly. I think B is trying to load classes through java reflection, and the shading is causing it to fail. At least, that's what I'm gathering from the errors below: "java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: null java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: B/shade/B/Class1 java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: B.shade.B.Class1" Is there a workaround for java classes loaded through reflection when shading java dependencies?

hmmm. that is referencing the shaded classes, which is correct (reflection issues would show the unshaded class name) - perhaps an incorrect JAR is installed at runtime (s/b the shade d JAR - if that was missing it could cause this).