Does setting the debug log level affect other parts of Gradle exection, eg disable caches, disable parallel execution, slow down execution in general? I enabled debug log level to get more information when publishing to GitHub Packages (maven) that often results into 409 conflicts but since I enabled debug, I don't get the error again.

It for sure makes timing a bit different as the additional log messages need to be written. But I don't think it should influence any behavior besides log output. Of course there could somewhere be

if (debugLogLevel) ...

but it would be really bad practice if that would lead to different behavior.