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Gradle only downloads files when necessary. This could already be during configuration phase for some if they are used there, or it could be as late as during actual execution of a task.

Can i reuse downloaded dependencies/files to .tmp directory for next CI builds after 1st "preparing" build?

Here you find infos about caching things for ephemeral agents: https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/dependency_resolution.html#sub:ephemeral-ci-cache

Thanks, but i can`t understand some moments. We are already has some runners for example for two projects with same stack. Before job execution downloads cache (from S3) (with .caches contents). If i retry job cache downloads again. But all downloading files seems like not in .caches and downloads into .tmp directory. Can i match .tmp contents with .caches?

What your can share and cache safely is described at the link I gave you. I'm on mobile so not sure about .tmp, but I think it - as its name suggests - is only temporary used while downloading files before stuffing them elsewhere like in the cache.