You can also take the approach of shortcuts, usually with API requests or accessing state managers, so you effectively skip the UI for steps you already have tests for. Cypress really shines in this approach. App actions is one term given to this. See https://glebbahmutov.com/blog/realworld-app-action/ and https://www.cypress.io/blog/2019/01/03/stop-using-page-objects-and-start-using-app-actions/