@dswitzer you were right, but the solution was a little sideways.
The src was pointing to a file provided to us by an external company in order to run their product. We recently terminated their services, but missed removing this one line. Apparently last night/this morning they closed the account which caused our reference to fail, but the error messages we received did not point to this line of code, this product/reference, or anything really remotely giving any clue other than JQuery was failing and that "$" was not a function.
Truly bizarre, and not a very friendly way for a company to handle their exit, IMHO.