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If you need to send anything other than the image, like if you need json along with the image, then base64 is your best bet. Otherwise I would submit it as a binary. When you encode as base64, it ultimately expands the size by quite a bit, and you lose the benefit of image compression.

Btw in BentoML, if you need to upload an image plus annotation, you can use the Multipart IO type https://docs.bentoml.org/en/latest/reference/api_io_descriptors.html#multipart-payloads