Hi there.
Most (if not all) indexes are documented in
https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/indexing/forward-index and sibling pages. That specific page explains the layout of the forward index.
The TL;DR is that they are not btree indexes. The forward index is the way we store data and they are either an offheap array when the data type is fixed size (like ints, floats, but also strings where all entries have the same size) or a little bit more complex structure in other cases